World’s Biggest data centers Server Room
HP Pavilion dv3t
This lightweight Intel-based pavilion notebook boasts of a 13.3-inch LED-backlit display, Core 2 Duo processor (2.0GHz T6400), and up to seven hours of runtime on the optional 9-cell battery. The Pavilion dv3t is about 1.25-inches thick and weighs just under 5 lbs. The base model comes with 2GB of RAM, but HP is currently offering a free upgrade to 3GB. Wi-Fi (b/g or optional Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), optional integrated mobile broadband, an HDMI port, DVD burner or optional Blu-ray drive, and a VGA webcam with microphone. You can customize the Pavilion dv3t with up to 8GB of RAM, a faster processor (up to a 2.66 GHz T9550), and an optional 512MB NVIDIA GeForce G 105M.
Features include:
- 13.3-inch diagonal LED Bright View display with 16:9 aspect ratio for full-screen HD content viewing
- Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T6400
- Up to 500 GB hard drive, providing ample room for photos, music and other content
- HP Webcam and microphone for staying in touch with friends and family
- HP Media Smart software for enjoying photos, listening to music and watching Internet TV or movies in high-definition
- Optional built-in Blu-ray disc drive and remote control
- SRS Premium Sound for optimal audio performance
- Optional 9-cell battery with up to 7 hours of battery life
- Full-sized keyboard for comfortable typing
- ENERGY STAR qualified and EPEAT Silver registered
Top 10 Laptop of 2008-2009
- Hp Pavilion dv2700 (Core2duo 2.0Ghz, 2GB RAM)
- Acer Aspire 2920Z (Dual Core 1.6Ghz, 2GB RAM)
- Compaq Presario v3800 (Core2duo 2.0Ghz, 2GB RAM)
- Acer Aspire 4930G (Core2duo 2.4Ghz, 4GB RAM)
- Acer Extensa 4620Z (Dual core 1.6Ghz, 1GBＲＡＭ）
- Acer Aspire 5920G (Core2duo 2.0Ghz, 2GB RAM)
- Acer Aspire 4930 (AMD Turion 2.0Ghz, 1GB RAM)
- Apple MacBook (Core2duo 2.2Ghz, 1GB RAM)
- Dell XPS M1530 (Core2duo 2.2Ghz, 2GB RAM)
- Acer Aspire One (Intel Atom 1.6Ghz,1GB RAM)
Office 2007 SP2 Built-In ODF and PDF Support
Microsoft's Office team has officially announced a Service Pack 2 for Office 2007, which adds some speed, reliability, and printing improvements across the board. The major new new thing? Native support for Open Document files (ODF), the major format of Open Office.org, without a plug-in, and printing to PDF. SP2 should arrive on April 28
What's new Microsoft Office 2007 SP2
- Support for Open Document Format (ODF), XML Paper Specification (XPS) and Portable Document Format (PDF).
- Improved Outlook Calendaring reliability.
- Improved Outlook performance.
- Enabling Object Model support for Charts in Microsoft Ofice PowerPoint 2007 and Microsoft Office Word 2007.
- Improved cryptographic functionality b supporting all cryptographic algorithms offered by the operating system.
- Improved functionality in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 charting mechanism.
- Ability to ungroup SmartArt graphics (and as a result, the ability to add animations to them in PowerPoint 2007).
- Ability for Visio 2007 to export UML models to an XML file compliant with the XMI standard.
- Tool that enables the uninstallation of Office client Service Packs.
Router
- Incoming packets, which are part of an Ethernet frame, save to a temporary memory area. The temporary memory area is a buffer.
- The switch reads the MAC address that is in the frame header and compares the address to a list of addresses in the switch lookup table. In a LAN with an Ethernet basis, an Ethernet frame contains a normal packet as the payload of the frame. The frame has a special header that includes the MAC address information for the source and destination of the packet.
- Switches work at Layer 2 (Data or Datalink) of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model
- Use MAC addresses to switch the traffic.
- Switches use one of three methods for routing traffic Cut-through,Store and forward, Fragment-free
- Most Ethernet LAN switches use transparent bridging to create the address lookup tables.Transparent bridging has five parts:
- Learning
- Flooding
- Filtering
- Forwarding
- Aging
-
Switches use one of three methods for routing traffic:
- Cut-through
- Store and forward
- Fragment-free
- Switches only read the MAC address as soon as a packet is detected by the switch.
- Address consists of six bytes therefore switch store the six bytes.
- After this the switches immediately begin to send the packet to the destination node, even though the rest of the packet is coming into the switch.
- Reduces latency but decreases reliability.
- Only be used where the speed of the outgoing interface is less than or equal to the incoming interface speed.
- In a store and forward method switch saves the entire packet to the buffer
- Then checks the packet for Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) errors or other problems.
- If the packet has an error, the packet is discarded.
- Otherwise, the switch looks up the MAC address and sends the packet on to the destination node.
- Many switches combine the two methods by using cut-through until a certain error level is reached, then changing over to store and forward.
- Very few switches are strictly cut-through because this provides no error correction.
- A less common method is fragment-free.
- It works like cut-through, but stores the first 64 bytes of the packet before sending the packet on.
- Because the most errors and all collisions occur during the initial 64 bytes of a packet.
- Only useful if there is a chance of a collision on the source port
Cut-through:
Store and forward:
Fragment free:
There are four major phases to the bootup process:
1. Performing the POST
2. Loading the bootstrap program
3. Locating and loading the Cisco IOS software
4. Locating and loading the startup configuration file or entering setup mode
1. Performing the POST
The Power-On Self Test (POST) is a common process that occurs on almost every computer during bootup. The POST process is used to test the router hardware. When the router is powered on, software on the ROM chip conducts the POST. During this self-test, the router executes diagnostics from ROM on several hardware components including the CPU, RAM, and NVRAM. After the POST has been completed, the router executes the bootstrap program.
2. Loading the Bootstrap Program
After the POST, the bootstrap program is copied from ROM into RAM. Once in RAM, the CPU executes the instructions in the bootstrap program. The main task of the bootstrap program is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM.
Note: At this point, if you have a console connection to the router, you will begin to see output on the screen.
3. Locating and Loading Cisco IOS
Locating the Cisco IOS software. The IOS is typically stored in flash memory, but can also be stored in other places such as a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server.
If a full IOS image can not be located, a scaled-down version of the IOS is copied from ROM into RAM. This version of IOS is used to help diagnose any problems and can be used to load a complete version of the IOS into RAM.
Note: A TFTP server is usually used as a backup server for IOS but it can also be used as a central point for storing and loading the IOS. IOS management and using the TFTP server is discussed in a later course.
4. Locating and Loading the Configuration File
Locating the Startup Configuration File. After the IOS is loaded, the bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file, known as startup-config, in NVRAM. This file has the previously saved configuration commands and parameters including:
- interface addresses
- routing information
- passwords
- any other configurations saved by the network administrator
If the startup configuration file, startup-config, is located in NVRAM, it is copied into RAM as the running configuration file, running-config.
Executing the Configuration File. If a startup configuration file is found in NVRAM, the IOS loads it into RAM as the running-config and executes the commands in the file, one line at a time. The running-config file contains interface addresses, starts routing processes, configures router passwords and defines other characteristics of the router.
Enter Setup Mode (Optional). If the startup configuration file can not be located, the router prompts the user to enter setup mode. Setup mode is a series of questions prompting the user for basic configuration information. Setup mode is not intended to be used to enter complex router configurations, and it is not commonly used by network administrators.
When booting a router that does not contain a startup configuration file, you will see the following question after the IOS has been loaded:
Command Line Interface
Depending on the platform and IOS, the router may ask the following question before displaying the prompt:
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]:
Press the Enter key to accept the default answer.
Router>
Note: If a startup configuration file was found, the running-config may contain a hostname and the prompt will display the hostname of the router.
Once the prompt displays, the router is now running the IOS with the current running configuration file. The network administrator can now begin using IOS commands on this router
JVC GD-463D10
JVC Japan have announced its new lineup of monitor - GD-463D10. It is a 46-inch LCD HDTV with a native 1,920 x 1080 resolution, a 2,000:1 contrast ratio, dual 10 watt speakers, support for 3D material and weighs 26.7 kg.
While the monitor supports 3D display, the content that is around the market is pretty much limited.
Cisco Router useful tips and Commands
802.1D IEEE specification for STP.
Root bridge Switch that includes the designated port with the highest priority or the lowest MAC address.
Spanning-tree algorithm (STA) System used to calculate a loop-free network topology for STP.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) A protocol that uses the spanning- tree algorithm to map the best path through the network and block ports that can create a redundant path for data in the network.
Frame tagging Method used to identify frame membership in a VLAN as the frame traverses a trunked link.
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Cisco proprietary method of frame tagging for Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet links.
Static VLAN Assignment of a switch port to a VLAN by an administrator.
Virtual local area network (VLAN) A logical grouping of network users and resources connected defined ports on the switch. A VLAN looks like, and is treated like, its own subnet.
show cdp neighbor Display a summary of connected cdp devices
show cdp entry * Display detailed information on all devices
show ip protocols Display current routing protocols
show ip route Display IP routing table
show access-lists Display access lists, this includes the number of displayed matches
show isdn status Check the router can see the ISDN switch
show frame-relay pvc Check a Frame Relay PVC connections
show frame-relay lmi show lmi traffic stats
show frame-relay map Display the frame inverse ARP table
Enable Enter privileged mode
disable Return to user mode from privileged
Logout or exit or quit Exit Router
up arrow or <Ctrl-P> Recall last command
down arrow or <Ctrl-N> Recall next command
<Shift> and <Ctrl> and 6 then x Suspend or abort
<Ctrl-R> Refresh screen output
TAB Compleat Command
Wi-Fi ADSL 2/2+ modem router - ASUS DSL-N11
ASUS has announced their latest DSL-N11 Wi-Fi ADSL 2/2+ modem router which incorporate a 300gMbps Wi-Fi 802.11n wireless router with an embedded ADSL2/2+ modem for users to enjoy the versatility of both connectivity options for fast data transfer and Internet access.
It will automatically detecting local ADSL settings (VPI, VCI) and Internet connection types (PPPoE, DHCP, PPPoA etc)
Dr. Surf is a helpful application that is able to automatically detect the different types of Internet connection and offer real-time diagnostics.
Specifications
| Hardware | |
| 4 x 10/100Base-TX MDI/MDIX RJ-45 port | |
| Interface | - 1 x inner pair RJ-11 ADSL port |
| - IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, draft IEEE 802.11n compliant | |
| Power Adapter | - Input: 220V (tolerance 207V~254V) |
| - Output: 15V/0.8A | |
| - Power consumption: 12W | |
| Antenna | 2dBi * 2 |
| Wireless LAN | |
| Data Rate: | |
| - Draft 802.11n: | |
| 20MHz BW: 150, 130, 117, 104, 78, 52, 39, 26, 13 Mbps | |
| 40MHz BW: 300, 270, 243, 216, 162, 108, 81, 54, 27 Mbps | |
| - 802.11g: 54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9 and 6 Mbps | |
| Wireless | - 802.11b: 11, 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps |
| Operating Frequencies: 2.4-2.5 G Hz | |
| Channel Numbers: | |
| - 11 for North America | |
| - 13 for Europe | |
| - 14 for Japan | |
| Output Power: | |
| - Draft 802.11n: 13.5–16.5 dBm | |
| - 802.11g: 13.5–16.5 dBm | |
| - 802.11b: 16.5–18.5 dBm | |
| Peak Gain: 2.0 dBi Typical | |
| Encryption | - 802.11e WLAN QoS |
| - WPS support | |
| - 64/128-bit WEP engine | |
| - MAC address ACL | |
| - AES-CCM/CCMP engine | |
| - WPA-PSK | |
| - WPA2 personal – PSK | |
| - WPA2 Mixed Mode – PSK | |
| - 802.1x RADIUS | |
| - EAP encapsulation over LANs w/ RADIUS client | |
| ADSL: | |
| ADSL standards: | |
| ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 | |
| ITU-T G.992.1 (G.dmt) | |
| ITU-T G.992.2 (G.lite) | |
| ADSL | ITU-T G.994.1 (G.hs) |
| ADSL2 standards: | |
| ITU-T G.992.3 (G.dmt.bis) | |
| ITU-T G.992.4 (G.lite.bis) | |
| ADSL2+ standards: | |
| ITU-T G.992.5 Annex A/L/M | |
| Software? | |
| - Web-based GUI configuration | |
| - Firmware upgraded, configuration data uploaded and downloaded via Web-based GUI | |
| Management | - UPnP IGD 1.0 |
| - Auto VPI/VCI detection | |
| - Configuration backup and restore | |
| - Diagnostics | |
| - Ethernet to ADSL Self-Learning Transparent Bridging | |
| - IP Static Routing | |
| - Network Address Translation (NAT) | |
| - NAT ALG | |
| Network Protocols and Features | - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP); DHCP server, client, and relay |
| - DNS Relay, DDNS | |
| - IGMP/IGMP proxy | |
| - Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) | |
| - EzQoS support | |
| - Built-in NAT firewall | |
| - MAC Filtering | |
| - Packet Filtering | |
| - URL Content Filtering (keyword filtering) | |
| Security | - Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) |
| - Denial of Service prevention (DoS) | |
| - Intrusion Detection System/Log | |
| - User Authentication PAP | |
| - User Authentication CHAP | |
| - DMZ | |
| - VPN (IPSec/PPTP/L2TP) pass-through | |
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